A pandemia da Covid-19 e a taxa de suicídio em adultos: uma revisão de escopo
Palavras-chave:
Pandemias, Isolamento social, Pessoa de meia-idade, Suicídio, Covid-19Resumo
Objetivo
O presente trabalho buscou identificar se as medidas de distanciamento social afetaram a saúde mental das pessoas acima dos 44 anos e se esses efeitos adversos levaram a um aumento nos índices de suicídio entre eles.
Métodos
Foi feita uma revisão de escopo conforme o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram identificados 420 artigos, dos quais 26 foram incluídos na amostra final após o processo de inclusão e exclusão realizado na plataforma Rayyan e verificação dos critérios de elegibilidade, cuja
qualidade de evidência foi analisada a partir dos checklists do AMSTAR-2, CASP, INSA e TREND.
Resultados
Os artigos apontaram que toda esta parcela da população sofreu com efeitos adversos da quarentena, sendo a ansiedade e depressão os quadros mais frequentes. Além disso, os grupos mais afetados foram a população com renda mais baixa, mulheres e indivíduos casados.
Conclusão
O isolamento social impactou consideravelmente a saúde mental de toda a população, pois agravou sentimentos de solidão, o que estimulou o surgimento de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, ou a piora dessas condições em indivíduos já diagnosticados com tais disfunções. Todavia, há um reduzido número de artigos que correlacione diretamente o suicídio em adultos a partir da meia idade e o isolamento social, sendo necessário mais estudos que abordem essa temática.
Downloads
Referências
Organização Pan-americana de Saúde. Histórico da pandemia de COVID-19 [Internet]. [cited 2022 2 Jan]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19/historico-da-pandemia-covid-19.
Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, . . .Zhong N-s. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine 2020;382(18):1708-1720 Doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Bastos LS, Niquini RP, Lana RM, Villela DA, Cruz OG, Coelho FC, . . . Gomes MF. COVID-19 e hospitalizações por SRAG no Brasil: uma comparação até a 12ª semana epidemiológica de 2020. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 2020;36(4):e00070120 Doi:10.1590/0102-311X00070120
Farias HS. O avanço da Covid-19 e o isolamento social como estratégia para redução da vulnerabilidade. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Econômica 2020;9(17):1-12 Doi:10.4000/espacoeconomia.11357
Elias N. A Sociedade dos Indivíduos: Zahar; 1994. 201 p.
Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, . . . Straus SE. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018;169(7):467-473 Doi:10.7326/m18-0850
McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel DM, Cogo E, Foerster V and Lefebvre C. PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2016;75:40-46 Doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021
Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, . . . Henry DA. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. Bmj 2017;358(j4008 Doi:10.1136/bmj.j4008
Buccheri RK and Sharifi C. Critical Appraisal Tools and Reporting Guidelines for Evidence-Based Practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2017;14(6):463-472 Doi:10.1111/wvn.12258
Des Jarlais DC, Lyles C and Crepaz N. Improving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: the TREND statement. Am J Public Health 2004;94(3):361-366 Doi:10.2105/ajph.94.3.361
La Torre G, Backhaus I and Mannocci A. Rating for narrative reviews: concept and development of the International Narrative Systematic Assessment tool. Senses and Sciences 2015;2:31-35 Doi:10.14616/sands-2015-1-3135
Berge LI, Gedde MH, Husebo BS, Erdal A, Kjellstadli C and Vahia IV. Age and Emotional Distress during COVID-19: Findings from Two Waves of the Norwegian Citizen Panel. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(18):Doi:10.3390/ijerph18189568
García-Portilla P, de la Fuente Tomás L, Bobes-Bascarán T, Jiménez Treviño L, Zurrón Madera P, Suárez Álvarez M, . . . Bobes J. Are older adults also at higher psychological risk from COVID-19? Aging Ment Health 2021;25(7):1297-1304 Doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1805723
Gustavsson J and Beckman L. Compliance to Recommendations and Mental Health Consequences among Elderly in Sweden during the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross Sectional Online Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(15):Doi:10.3390/ijerph17155380
Smith L, Jacob L, Yakkundi A, McDermott D, Armstrong NC, Barnett Y, . . . Tully MA. Correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression and mental wellbeing associated with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study of UK-based respondents. Psychiatry Res 2020;291:113138 Doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113138
Sarangi A, Javed S, Karki K and Kaushal A. COVID-19-associated PTSD in the elderly—lessons learned for the next global pandemic. Middle East Current Psychiatry 2021;28(1):39 Doi:10.1186/s43045-021-00119-3
Hansen T, Sevenius Nilsen T, Knapstad M, Skirbekk V, Skogen J, Vedaa Ø and Nes RB. Covid-fatigued? A longitudinal study of Norwegian older adults’ psychosocial well-being before and during early and later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Ageing 2021;Doi:10.1007/s10433-021-00648-0
Cigiloglu A, Ozturk ZA and Efendioglu EM. How have older adults reacted to coronavirus disease 2019? 2021;21(1):112-117 Doi:10.1111/psyg.12639
Ali M, Ahsan GU, Khan R, Khan HR and Hossain A. Immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control COVID-19 transmission on mental well-being in Bangladeshi adults: Patterns, Explanations, and future directions. BMC Research Notes 2020;13(1):494 Doi:10.1186/s13104-020-05345-2
Parlapani E, Holeva V, Nikopoulou VA, Sereslis K, Athanasiadou M, Godosidis A, . . . Diakogiannis I. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020;11(842):Doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
Nakao T, Murayama K, Takahashi S, Kayama M, Nishi D, Horinouchi T, . . . Kuga H. Mental Health Difficulties and Countermeasures during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in Japan: A Nationwide Questionnaire Survey of Mental Health and Psychiatric Institutions. 2021;18(14):7318
Van Rheenen TE, Meyer D, Neill E, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Toh WL and Rossell SL. Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Journal of Affective Disorders 2020;275:69-77 Doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037
Maggi G, Baldassarre I, Barbaro A, Cavallo ND, Cropano M, Nappo R and Santangelo G. Mental health status of Italian elderly subjects during and after quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Psychogeriatrics 2021;21(4):540-551 Doi:10.1111/psyg.12703
Wang G-Y and Tang S-F. Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China. Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020;9(1):148 Doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8
Gonçalves AP, Zuanazzi AC, Salvador AP, Jaloto A, Pianowski G and Carvalho LdF. Preliminary findings on the associations between mental health indicators and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 2020;22(2):10-19
Pandey D, Bansal S, Goyal S, Garg A, Sethi N, Pothiyill DI, . . . Sethi R. Psychological impact of mass quarantine on population during pandemics-The COVID-19 Lock-Down (COLD) study. PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0240501 Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240501
Seethaler M, Just S, Stötzner P, Bermpohl F and Brandl EJ. Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Elderly Psychiatric Patients: a Longitudinal Study. The Psychiatric quarterly 2021;92(4):1439-1457 Doi:10.1007/s11126-021-09917-8
Hawton K, Lascelles K, Brand F, Casey D, Bale L, Ness J, . . . Waters K. Self-harm and the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of factors contributing to self-harm during lockdown restrictions. J Psychiatr Res 2021;137:437-443 Doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.028
Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Masmoudi L, Boukhris O, Chtourou H, Bouaziz B, . . . On Behalf Of The Eclb-Covid C. Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(8):Doi:10.3390/ijerph18084329
Zalsman G, Levy Y, Sommerfeld E, Segal A, Assa D, Ben-Dayan L, . . . Mann JJ. Suicide-related calls to a national crisis chat hotline service during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. J Psychiatr Res 2021;139:193-196 Doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.060
Kilincel O, Muratdagi G, Aydin A, Oksuz A, Atadag YB, Etcioglu E and Ozen F. The anxiety and loneliness levels of geriatric population in-home quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Klinik Pisikiyatri Dergisi 2020;23:7-14 Doi:10.5505/kpd.2020.04382
Rossi A, Panzeri A, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G and Mannarini S. The Anxiety-Buffer Hypothesis in the Time of COVID-19: When Self-Esteem Protects From the Impact of Loneliness and Fear on Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychol 2020;11:2177 Doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02177
Yildirim H, Işik K and Aylaz R. The effect of anxiety levels of elderly people in quarantine on depression during covid-19 pandemic. Soc Work Public Health 2021;36(2):194-204 Doi:10.1080/19371918.2020.1868372
Yang Q, Wang Y, Tian C, Chen Y and Mao J. The Experiences of Community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2021;77(12):4805-4814 Doi:10.1111/jan.14978
El Keshky MES, Alsabban AM and Basyouni SS. The psychological and social impacts on personal stress for residents quarantined for COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Archives of psychiatric nursing 2021;35(3):311-316 Doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.008
Sams N, Fisher DM, Mata-Greve F, Johnson M, Pullmann MD, Raue PJ, . . . Areán PA. Understanding Psychological Distress and Protective Factors Amongst Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021;29(9):881-894 Doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2021.03.005
Aisenberg-Shafran D, Bar-Tur L and Levi-Belz Y. Who is really at risk? The contribution of death anxiety in suicide risk and loneliness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Death Stud 2021;1-6 Doi:10.1080/07481187.2021.1947416
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Licença
Os direitos autorais para artigos publicados no Jornal Memorial da Medicina são do autor, com direitos de primeira publicação para a revista. Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não comerciais. O Jornal Memorial da Medcina permitirá o uso dos trabalhos publicados para fins não comerciais, incluindo direito de enviar o trabalho para bases de dados de acesso público. Os artigos publicados são de total e exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores. Há encargos para submissão no processamento de artigos (Articles Processing Charge - APC).
